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************************************************************ ************************************************************ Mac F2C -- A FORTRAN-to-C translator for the Macintosh ************************************************************ ************************************************************ f2c kernel ©1989-1995 AT&T Bell Laboratories and Bellcore Macintosh Interface ©1994-1995 Igor Mikolic-Torreira This software is freeware: it may be used and copied freely so long as the copyright notices and associated documentation remain attached. CONTENTS ************************************************************* A. WHAT IS Mac F2C B. WHAT IS NEW IN VERSION 1.2.2 C. WHAT IS INCLUDED AND HOW IS IT ORGANIZED D. WHERE DO I GO FROM HERE E. CONTACTING THE AUTHOR F. CREDITS G. LICENSE AND OTHER ANNOYING LEGAL STUFF A. WHAT IS Mac F2C ************************************************************* Mac F2C is a FORTRAN-to-C translator. It will read a file of FORTRAN code and produce a file of C code. When compiled and linked with the special support libraries included with Mac F2C, this C code will work just like the original FORTRAN code. Mac F2C is the Macintosh port of the UNIX program f2c developed at AT&T. AT&T permits the use of the f2c source code for non-profit purposes. You can get a copy of the f2c source code at netlib.att.com The minimum requirements to run Mac F2C are: (1) A 68020 or better (2) System 7.0 or later (3) At least 1 MB of available RAM (2 MB is preferred) B. WHAT IS NEW IN VERSION 1.2.2 ************************************************************* Changes from v1.2 ----------------- Version 1.2.2 is a minor update to v1.2 which adds: - Support for CodeWarrior v1.3. - Support for the new Symantec C/C++ (v8) for PPC code generation (also in v1.2.1). - Support for the version of THINK C/C++ (68K code generation) that is distributed with Symantec C/C++ v8 (also in v1.2.1). - An MPW hosted version of f2c and support for MPW PPC code generation (courtesy of Kris L. Jorgensen). - Guidance for making F2C-generated code multi-task cooperatively (courtesy of Mel Martinez). Version 1.2.2 is not yet able to automatically trigger Symantec C/C++ or CodeWarrior v1.3 compiles when it finishes translations. This feature is forthcoming in a future version of Mac F2C. Version 1.2.2 does correctly trigger THINK C/C++ compiles and CodeWarrior v1.2 68K/PPC (CW6) compiles. USERS UPGRADING FROM PRIOR VERSIONS: You need to re-install ALL libraries and project files, including main.c and f2c.h. There have been subtle changes in source code to accomodate Symantec v8 (both PPC code generation and changes in THINK libraries and headers in the version of THINK that comes with Symantec v8). See the more detailed instructions provided in the documentation folder for further information. C. WHAT IS INCLUDED AND HOW IS IT ORGANIZED ************************************************************* The Mac F2C 1.2.2 distribution set contains the following items: (1) "Mac F2C v1.2.2 READ ME" -- This Read Me message. (2) "Mac F2C" -- the FORTRAN-to-C translator application, version 1.2. This is a fat binary containing both 68K and PowerPC native code. (3) "Mac F2C Documentation" -- a folder containing all relevant documentation for Mac F2C. This folder contains: - "INSTRUCTIONS (Symantec)" -- instructions for using Mac F2C with Symantec products: Symantec C/C++ (for PPC) and THINK C/C++ (for 68K). - "INSTRUCTIONS (CodeWarrior)" -- instructions for using Mac F2C with Metrowerk's CodeWarrior C compiler. - "AT&T Report 149.ps" -- a postscript file containing the AT&T report that serves as a compiler manual for Mac F2C. - "Mac F2C AppleEvents" -- a folder containing detailed information on how to drive Mac F2C using AppleEvents. - "Mac F2C & UNIX f2c" -- information on interchanging C code produced by Mac F2C on the Macintosh and the original f2c program on a UNIX machine. - "Mac F2C Known Bugs" -- summary of known bugs and suggestions for working around them. - "When Mac F2C code won't work…" -- Things to check whenever the code produced by Mac F2C doesn't run correctly. - "Cooperative Multitasking Mods" -- Mel Martinez's instructions for making F2C-generated code multitask cooperatively with other Macintosh applications. - "If Floats Don't Display Right" -- a folder discussing a common bug in float-to-ASCII conversion routines (including those provided in Symantec's and Metrowerks' C and C++ libraries). It includes some code you might be able to use to fix the problem. - "For THINK v6 and Earlier Users" -- instructions for setting up Mac F2C to work with earlier versions of Symantec's THINK compiler. All the THINK project files included in this distribution have been made using THINK C version 7.0.4. This file provides guidance on how to create equivalent project files using earlier versions of THINK C. This file also has information and guidance for setting up Mac F2C to work with other compilers. (4) "Mac F2C Libraries" -- a folder containing the libraries required to support programs translated by F2C. The libF77 library provides floating-point support; the libI77 library provides integer and I/O support. Symantec, THINK, and CodeWarrior project and library files are provided, along with all the source code. These need to be built and installed in the right places. Please read the appropriate version of the INSTRUCTIONS file for a detailed, step-by-step description of what to do with these files. (5) "Test Project ƒ" -- a folder containing a test FORTRAN program and the C output produced by Mac F2C. It also contains complete Symantec, THINK and CodeWarrior projects to compile and run the test program. See the appropriate version of the INSTRUCTIONS file for a detailed description of how to use the contents of this folder to verify correct operation of Mac F2C. (6) "Symantec/THINK Support" -- a folder containing items specifically required to use Mac F2C with Symantec C/C++ (PPC) and THINK C/C++ (68K) compilers. This folder contains the following items: - "SPM Support" -- a folder containing support for the Symantec Project Manager (abbreviated SPM). It contains the following: + "For '(Project Models)'" -- a folder containing model SPM C and C++ projects for using code generated by Mac F2C. Please refer to the file "INSTRUCTIONS (Symantec)" for detailed information on how to use the contents of this folder. + "Build F2C Libs for SPM" -- an executable AppleScript for bringing all the SPM versions of the Mac F2C support libraries up to date. Please refer to the file "INSTRUCTIONS (Symantec)" for detailed information on how to use this script. - "TPM Support" -- a folder containing support for the THINK Project Manager (abbreviated TPM). It contains the following: + "For '(Project Models)'" -- a folder containing model TPM C and C++ projects for using code generated by Mac F2C. Please refer to the file "INSTRUCTIONS (Symantec)" for detailed information on how to use the contents of this folder. + "For plain THINK v7" -- a folder containing support for versions of THINK v7 that were either purchased as THINK v7 or upgraded to (or beyond) v7 using the free on-line upgrades. It contains the following: = "For 'Standard Libraries'" -- a folder containing versions of the ANSI, unix, IOStreams, and CPlusLib project files distributed with THINK v7 that have been modified to work with Mac F2C output. These libraries should be placed in the TPM Standard Libraries folder and brought up to date. Please refer to the file "INSTRUCTIONS (Symantec)" for detailed information. = "Build F2C Libs for THINK" -- an executable AppleScript for bringing all the THINK v7 versions of the Mac F2C support libraries up to date. Please refer to the file "INSTRUCTIONS (Symantec)" for detailed information on how to use this script. + "For THINK v7 shipped with Sym 8" -- a folder containing support for the version of THINK v7 that is distributed as part of the Symantec C/C++ v8 package. It contains the following: = "For 'Standard Libraries'" -- a folder containing versions of the ANSI, unix, IOStreams, and CPlusLib project files distributed with THINK v7 on the Symantec v8 CD that have been modified to work with Mac F2C output. These libraries should be placed in the TPM Standard Libraries folder and brought up to date. Please refer to the file "INSTRUCTIONS (Symantec)" for detailed information. = "For folder containing TPM" -- a folder containing two THINK projects used to build appropriate versions of the precompiled headers. These need to be placed in the folder which contains the TPM. Please refer to the file "INSTRUCTIONS (Symantec)" for detailed information. = "Build F2C Libs for TPM" -- an executable AppleScript for bringing all the THINK v7 (from Symantec v8) versions of the Mac F2C support libraries up to date. Please refer to the file "INSTRUCTIONS (Symantec)" for detailed information on how to use this script. (7) "CodeWarrior Support" -- a folder containing items specifically required to use Mac F2C with Metrowerk's CodeWarrior C/C++ compiler. This folder contains the following items: - "For '(Project Stationary)'" -- a folder containing four CodeWarrior project stationary files for using C and C++ code generated by Mac F2C. Two files are for producing 68K code, the other two for PPC code. Please refer to the file "INSTRUCTIONS (CodeWarrior)" for detailed information on how to use the contents of this folder. - "For 'Metrowerks C/C++ ƒ'" -- a folder containing the files "main.c" and "f2c.h" which are required to run code translated by Mac F2C. Please refer to the file "INSTRUCTIONS (CodeWarrior)" for detailed information on how to use the contents of this folder. - "F2C MPW/ToolServer Tools" -- a folder containing MPW/ToolServer tools for use with CodeWarrior. Please refer to the files "ToolServer READ ME" and "MPW READ ME" contained in this folder for detailed information on how to use the contents of this folder. - "CW6 Project Files" -- a folder containing CodeWarrior v1.2 (CW6 CD) project files for users that are still using the earlier version of CodeWarrior. (8) "MPW Support" -- a folder containing F2C for MPW as developed by Kris L. Jorgensen. F2C for MPW is 68K/PPC native tool that will let you use F2C in conjunction with MPW. It includes "FAT", PowerPC, and 68K versions of the F2C tool. You will need MPW 3.4 to run the PowerPC native versions. See the instructions included in this folder. D. WHERE DO I GO FROM HERE ************************************************************* The next step is to read the set-up and use instructions. You should read either "INSTRUCTIONS (Symantec)" or "INSTRUCTIONS (CodeWarrior)" depending on which compiler you plan to use. Mac F2C is _not_ ready to go out of the box, so please read these instructions to see how to set up the support libraries and use the C code produced by Mac F2C. I also strongly recommend using the included test program to verify correct operation of Mac F2C and the support libraries. Again, information on how to do this is provided in the two INSTRUCTIONS files. You should also read the more detailed documentation on the FORTRAN-to-C compiler itself. The document "AT&T Report 149.ps" is a PostScript file which you can download to any PostScript printer. It will produce a copy of "AT&T Computing Science Technical Report No. 149." This report provides very detailed documentation on f2c, the UNIX program which is the translator at the core of Mac F2C. Consider this report your compiler and language reference manual. I recommend all users print out and read this report. If you want to drive Mac F2C with AppleEvents, check out the folder "Mac F2C Apple Events". It contains detailed information on sending Apple Events to Mac F2C. It also includes some sample AppleScripts and header files for use with your own code. Additional useful information appears in the documents contained in the folder "Mac F2C Documentation". Before sending a bug report please glance at "Mac F2C Known Bugs". If you plan on moving code between a UNIX machine and a Macintosh and/or will be mixing code translated by f2c on a UNIX machine and Mac F2C on a Macintosh, please look at "Mac F2C & UNIX f2c". If you have trouble getting the C code produced by Mac F2C to run correctly, read "When Mac F2C code won't run…". Finally, if floating point values do not appear to round correctly when output, read the information in the folder "If Floats Don't Display Right". E. CONTACTING THE AUTHOR ************************************************************* My name is Igor Mikolic-Torreira and I can be reached at igormt@alumni.caltech.edu. If you find Mac F2C useful, please drop me a note. If you really think it is the most useful thing in the whole world and worth its weight in gold, please donate that amount of gold to your favorite charity ;) The latest version of Mac F2C (and betas of unreleased versions) can be obtained at <ftp://alumni.caltech.edu/pub/Mac_F2C>. A current bug list (with work arounds) is also kept in this directory. I have started to keep a mailing list which I will use to distribute Mac F2C related information such as bug alerts, patches, and new versions. If you wish to be added to this mailing list, please send me an email specifically requesting to be added to this list. Also let me know if you are interested in being a beta-tester for future versions of Mac F2C. If you find any bugs or would like to request a particular feature, let me know. I will try to fix interface bugs or at least provide work-arounds promptly. I will forward compiler bugs to AT&T. If you believe you have a code generation bug, _please_ send me a sample of the FORTRAN code that produces the problem together with the C output and your Symantec/THINK or CodeWarrior project file(s). If you can create a minimal example, that's even better and you will earn my eternal gratitude. Before sending me a bug report, please read "Mac F2C Known Bugs" as Mac F2C has some problems that I am quite aware of. If your translated programs compile without errors but don't run, take a look at the file "When Mac F2C Code Won't Run…" for information on the most common problem with translated code and how to fix it. You can send comments and questions on any part of the Mac F2C package to me. I can provide CodeWarrior C/C++, Symantec C/C++, and THINK C/C++ support. However, Dirk Froehling (who contributed all of the CodeWarrior support files used in this version of Mac F2C) has a lot more experience with CodeWarrior than I do. He has graciously allowed me to distribute his email address. You can send questions or comments on Mac F2C's CodeWarrior support directly to him at dirk@gaga.maschinenbau.uni-dortmund.de. The F2C for MPW package was put together by Kris L. Jorgensen whom you can reach at kris@ecn.purdue.edu. I've never used MPW (nor do I plan to) so if you have any questions with F2C for MPW, please contact Kris (if you send questions to me, I'll just forward them to him). F. CREDITS ************************************************************* A lot of people have contributed to Mac F2C, either knowingly or unknowingly. Many thanks to.... AT&T and Bellcore for developing f2c and allowing others to make use of the source code. Mac F2C v1.2 incorporates the f2c version of 13 Nov 1994. Dirk Froehling of Germany for figuring out how to make the support libraries compile under CodeWarrior and for providing CodeWarrior project files and libraries. All of the CodeWarrior support in v1.2 is due to Dirk (I now have a copy of CodeWarrior, but Dirk's libraries are so good I wouldn't dream of touching them). Dirk also suggested many of the new features -- including the interaction (via AppleEvents) with THINK and CodeWarrior. Additionally, because I don't have regular access to a PowerPC, Dirk also did all the testing of the PPC native versions. Needless to say, I could not have produced a PowerPC version without Dirk's help. Kris L. Jorgensen for putting together the F2C for MPW package and allowing me to distribute it with Mac F2C. Mel Martinez for figuring out how to inject cooperative multi-tasking into code generated by Mac F2C. Tom Emerson of Symantec and Greg Galanos of Metrowerks for providing copies of their development systems and helping me integrate Mac F2C with them. Special thanks to Tom for allowing me to plagarize some of his AppleScripts. Jens Alfke of Apple Computer for AEBuild and related AppleEvent utilities. Mac F2C incorporates his AEGizmos v1.3.4 package (this includes AEBuild, AEPrint and other goodies). For anyone not familiar with AEBuild, it is by far the easiest way to build AppleEvent object descriptors. Hours of frustration are replaced by a few lines of easy to understand code. If you don't have it, get it! Jim Luther of Apple Macintosh Developer Technical Support for the "MoreFiles" collection of FileManager Utilities. Mac F2C incorporates MoreFiles 1.2.1. Gary Woodcock of Apple Computer for the "StdPrefsLib" library of routines to handle preferences and preference files. Mac F2C incorporates version 1.0 of the Standard Prefs Library (as distributed on the "develop Bookmark" CD). And last -- but certainly not least -- to my wife Beth for patiently tolerating many late nights when I paid more attention to Mac F2C than I did to her. G. LICENSE AND OTHER ANNOYING LEGAL STUFF ************************************************************* The compiler engine of Mac F2C is based on the unix version of f2c and is Copyright 1990-1995 by AT&T Bell Laboratories and Bellcore. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that the copyright notice and this permission notice and warranty disclaimer appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of AT&T Bell Laboratories or Bellcore or any of their entities not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. AT&T and Bellcore disclaim all warranties with regard to this software, including all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. In no event shall AT&T or Bellcore be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software. The Macintosh interface portion of Mac F2C was written and is Copyright 1994-1995 by Igor Mikolic-Torreira. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that the copyright notice and this permission notice and warranty disclaimer appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Igor Mikolic-Torreira not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. Igor Mikolic-Torreira disclaims all warranties with regard to this software, including all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. In no event shall Igor Mikolic-Torreira be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software.